topics

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

 

 

The word 'Nationality' is not often used in spoken English. It is a formal and official word and it appears more frequently in written English. You will find the word 'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel industry and for immigration.

We almost never say: What is your nationality?

We usually say: Where are you from? OR Where do you come from?

To tell someone your nationality you DON'T say: My nationality is Chilean.

You say: I'm Chilean


Remember

I am from Chile. 
To Be + from + country


I am Chilean.
To Be + Nationality


Singular Plural
Country Countries
Nationality Nationalities
 

 

THE NUMBERS

The numbers are very important in our daily lives without them would not be possible to measure the time, see quantity, internet, etc.


One-Uno 
Two-Dos. 
Three-Tres. 
Four-Cuatro. 
Five-Cinco. 
Six-Seis. 
Seven-Siete. 
Eight-Ocho. 
Nine-Nueve. 
Ten-Diez. 
Eleven-Once. 
Twelve-Doce. 
Thirteen-Trece. 
Fourteen-Catorce. 
Fifteen-Quince. 
Sixteen-Dieciséis. 
Seventeen-Diecisiete. 
Eighteen-Dieciocho. 
Nineteen-Diecinueve. 
Twenty-Veinte. 

A partir del veinte, los números que le siguen son regulares: Twenty-one (veintinuno),twenty-two (veintidós)...así hasta el 30 (thirty), al que le sigue thirty-one(treintayuno), 40 (forty), 50 (fifty), 60 (sixty), 70 (seventy), 80 (eighty), 90 (ninety) y 100 (one hundred), 200, (two hundred), 300 (three hundred).....así hasta el 1000 (one thousand), 2000 (two thousand), 3000 (three thousand)...y así hasta 1 millón (one milion), 2 millones ( 2 milion).... 

example:
181-One hundred and eighty-one. 
1254-One thousand, two hundred and fifty-four. 
65-sixty-five. 
567-five hundred and sixty-seven.

 

 

DAYS OF THE WEEK:

 

Did you know ...
the days of the week are based on the planets, sun and moon: Monday (Moon), Tuesday (Mars), Wednesday (Mercury), Thursday (Jupiter), Friday (Venus), Saturn (Saturday) and Sunday (sun ).

 

 

MONTHS OF THE YEAR:

 

One month  is each of the twelve periods of time, between 28 and 31 days, in which the year is divided. In Castilian each month has a name of Latin origin. So, in June would be the month dedicated to Juno, July to Julio César and August to César Augusto. Also, the last four months have meaning in numbers: December (seventh), October (eighth), November (ninth) and December (tenth). This is because, initially, the year began in March, when Roman military campaign began. So September was indeed the seventh month of the year.
The duration was set so that will be inserted 30 months and 31 days, except February, which retained its original length of 28 days for religious reasons. The twelve-month existence is related to the twelve constellations of the zodiac and the duodecimal.

 

 

GREETINGS:

 

A part of the tenses and basic vocabulary, it is also very important to know how to greet in English or what to say in everyday situations. Here are the most commonly used greetings:

 

Hello/Hi- Hola 
Good-bye- Adiós. 
See you later/See you- Hasta luego, nos vemos, nos vemos luego. 
Good morning- Buenos días. 
Good afternoon- Buenas tardes (desde las doce hasta las siete). 
Good evening- Buenas tardes-noches (desde las siete hasta las diez). 
Good night- Buenas noches. (desde las diez hasta las doce). 
How are you?- ¿Cómo estás?. 
I am fine- Estoy bien. 

 

 

VERB TO BE IN PRESENT:

 

 

Verb "to be"    Verbo "ser - estar" (Presente)
 

POSITIVE    AFIRMATIVO

 

 

ENGLISH

 

ESPAÑOL

Normal

Contracted

 

Normal

Contracción

I am

I'm

 

Yo soy, estoy

Soy, Estoy

You are

You're

 

Tú eres, estás

Eres, Estás

He is

He's

 

El es, está

Es, Está (para El)

She is

She's

 

Ella es, está

Es, Está (para Ella)

It is

It's

 

El/Ella es, está

Es, Está (para El o Ella)

We are

We're

 

Nosotros/as somos, estamos

Somos, Estamos

You are

You're

 

Vosotros sóis/estáis (*)
Ustedes son/están (**)

Sóis/Estáis (*)
Son/Están (**)

They are

They're

 

Ellos/as son, están

Son, Están (para Ellos o Ellas)

(*) más utilizado en España; (**) más utilizado en América Latina.

INTERROGATIVE    INTERROGATIVO

 

 

ENGLISH

 

ESPAÑOL

Normal

Contracted

 

Normal

Contracción

Am I?

 -

 

¿Soy/Estoy yo?

¿Soy/Estoy?

Are you?

-

 

¿Eres/Estás tú?

¿Eres/Estás?

Is he?

-

 

¿Es/Está él?

¿Es/Está? (El)

Is she?

-

 

¿Es/Está ella?

¿Es/Está? (Ella)

Is it?

-

 

¿Es/Esta él? ¿Es/Está ella?

¿Es/Está? (El o Ella)

Are we?

-

 

¿Somos/Estamos nosotros?

¿Somos/Estamos?

Are you?

-

 

¿Sóis/Estáis vosotros? (*)
¿Son/Están ustedes? (**)

¿Sóis/Estáis? (*)
¿Son/Están? (**)

Are they?

-

 

¿Son/Están ellos/as?

¿Son/Están? (Ellos o Ellas)

(*) más utilizado en España; (**) más utilizado en América Latina.

NEGATIVE    NEGATIVO

 

 

ENGLISH

 

ESPAÑOL

Normal

Contracted

 

Normal

Contracción

I am not

I'm not

 

Yo no soy/estoy

No soy/estoy

You are not

You're not
You aren't

 

Tú no eres/estás

No eres/estás

He is not

He's not
He isn't

 

El no es/está

No es/está
(para El)

She is not

She's not
She isn't

 

Ella no es/está

No es/está
(para Ella)

It is not

It's not
It isn't

 

El/Ella no es/está

No es/está
(para El o Ella)

We are not

We're not
We aren't

 

Nosotros/as no somos
Nosotros/as no estamos

No somos
No estamos

You are not

You're not
You aren't

 

Vosotros no sóis/estáis (*)
Ustedes no son/están (**)

No sóis/estáis (*)
No son/están (**)

They are not

They're not
They aren't

 

Ellos/as no son/están

No son/están
(para Ellos o Ellas)

 

 

pronoum:  i, you, he, she, it, we, you, and they
subject: Juliana, Luisa, Laura, Manuela, Alejandro, etc.

simple present tenses:

es - s = 3° person for the form affirmative. example: she listens to jazz or clasical musical

do - does (auxiliar) = for the form of questions. example: does Stephy study business?

do not - does not (auxiliar)= for the form negative. example: Diana does not study literature 

 

DAILY ACTIVITIES AND ROUTINES:

 

 

The activities of daily life are those requirements that people in a particular time frame, have to satisfy for their own benefit, in order to ensure the maintenance of life, healthy functioning, continuing personal development, and the greater degree wellness and quality of life possible.
 
The activities of daily life include breathing, eating and drinking, move, sit and sleep, eliminate, avoid dangers and prevent risks, communicate and interact socially, and work and play.
 

some of our daily routines are:

 get up
take a shower
have a breakfats
go to study
have lunch
do homework
ride a bike
swim
play football
have a dinner and
go to bed

 

 

SIMPLE PRESENT

 

 

 

Simple Present tense is used to describe habitual actions that occur with some frequency and makes no reference to whether it is happening in the present.
 
example:
I play tennis.yo juego tenis
Alice dances at the theatre. Alice baila en el teatro. (le agregamos "s" a la tercera persona)
 
 
There are some cases such as for example, if the verb used ends in "SS", "SH", "CH", "O" and "X" to form the 3rd person singular in the affirmative is added "ES" .
 
example:
(fish: pescar)  He fishes at the sea. Él pesca en el mar.
 
 
Another exception is if the verb ends in "Y" after a consonant. To form the 3rd person singular is replaced this "Y" with an "i" accompanied by the termination "ES".
 
example:
(study:estudiar)  She studies the lesson. Ella estudia la lección.
 
 
Para la forma negativa se puede emplear la forma contraída de DON’T en lugar de DO NOT o DOESN’T en vez de DOES NOT.
 
example:
I don’t play tennis. Yo no juego al tenis.
He doesn’t work in an office. Él no trabaja en una oficina.
 
 
 

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OR DESCRIPTION

 

 

Physical appearance is the main look of humans. It is also the major factor in the development of our personality, because people outline opinions by that they see not from what they think. In this world, we have different cultures that's why we have different degrees of prominence on the real meaning of physical appearance and its importance to our social status and other phenomena.

The physical appearance of Americans is the same as people all over the world. This is because the people in America came from all over the world, there is no place on earth that Americans did not originate. Even Native Americans migrated from places in the Pacific and/or Asia and have a similar appearance. Many of us have been here for many generations but still show the appearance of the people of their origin. There are also a number of generation that have mixed their ancestry, this is becoming more common and soon will be very commonplace. The dominant European appearance of Americans will one day be history.

wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_physical_appearance

 

 

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR CONTINUOUS

 

The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates continuing action, something going on now. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the present tense, plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending): "I am buying all my family's Christmas gifts early this year. She is working through the holiday break. Dierdreis being a really good girl in these days before Christmas".

The present progressive can suggest that an action is going to happen in the future, especially with verbs that convey the idea of a plan or of movement from one place or condition to another: "The team is arriving in two hours. He's moving to Portland this summer." Because the present progressive can suggest either the present or the future, it is usually modified by adverbs of time.

grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/present_progressive.htm